Voice Structuer

VOICE

   ACTIVE VOICE:

      The subject and the doer are the same person or thing.

PASSIVE VOICE:

      The subject and the doer are different.

ASSERTIVE SENTENCE

RULES		EXAMPLE
ACTIVE	PASSIVE	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
·         Sub ·         Verb ·         Extra words ·         obj	·         ob [active] ·         auxiliary verb ·         p.p. form of verb. ·         Extra words ·         By ·         Sub [active]	·         Columbus discovered America. ·         He bought her a ring. ·         We elected him chairman. ·         He made me laugh.	·         America is discovered by Columbus. ·         She was bought a ring by him. ·         He was elected chairman by us. ·         I was made to laugh by him.
·         Sub ·         Verb ·         Reflexive pronoun	·         Sub[active] ·         auxiliary verb ·         p.p form of verb ·         by ·         Reflexive pronoun	·         She killed herself ·         He hurt himself.	·         She was killed by herself. ·         He was hurt by himself.
·         There is /are/was/were ·         Sub ·         To ·         Verb.	·         There is /are/were/was ·         Sub ·         To ·         be ·         p.p. form of Verb.	·         There is no time to lose. ·         There is no money to waste.	·         There is no time to be lost. ·         There is no money to be wasted.
·         Sub ·        Agree/anxious/arrange/determine/decide/demand ·         Infinitive[to+ verb] ·         ob	·         sub ·         agree/….. ·         that ·         ob [direct] ·         should be ·         p.p of verb.	·         I agreed to visit the zoo. ·         I decided to buy a car.	·         I agreed that the zoo should be visited. ·         I decided that a car should be bought.

TO REMEMBER:

·         Bare infinitive of the active voice becomes full infinitive in the passive voice.

·         Let does not take a full infinitive even in the passive voice.

·         Both clauses of complex sentence will be changed but second clause will not be changed denoting universal truth.

·         By will not be used after the following words:

WORD	INSTEAD OF BY	WORD	INSTEAD OF BY
annoy	with	interest	in
marvel	at	please	with
surprise	at	know	to
seize	with	fill	with
satisfy	with	shock	at
contain	in

·         Auxiliary verb:

ACTIVE	PASSIVE [auxiliary verb]
·         Present indefinite	·         Am, is, are
·         Am, is, are, was, were	·         Am, is, are, was, were +being.
·         Have, has, had	·         Have, has, had + been.
·         Have been, has been, had been	·         Have been, has been, had been + being
·         Past indefinite	·         Was, were.
·         Shall, should,  will, would,  can, could, may, might, must	·         Shall, should,  will, would,  can, could, may, might, must + be
·         Have/has/had to, to, used/ought/going to	·         Have/has/had to, to, used/ought/going to + be

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

RULES		EXAMPLE
ACTIVE	PASSIVE	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
·      Auxiliary verb ·      Sub ·      Main Verb ·      Extra words ·      Obj +?	·    auxiliary verb ·    ob [active] ·    p.p. form of verb. ·    Extra words ·    By ·   Sub [active] +?	·   Did they solve the problem?	·   Was the problem solved by them?
·      Who ·      Verb ·      Ob ·      Extra words +?	·     By whom ·     auxiliary verb ·     ob [active] ·   p.p form of verb ·   extra words + ?	·   Who wrote this poem? ·   Who taught you the formula?	·   By whom was this poem written? ·   By whom were you taught the formula?
·      Whom ·      Auxiliary Verb ·      Sub ·      verb ·      Extra words+?	·   who ·    auxiliary verb ·    p.p form of verb ·    extra words. ·    By ·    Sub[active] + ?	·         Whom did you call?	·         Who was called by you?
·     What/why/how/where/when/which + noun ·      Auxiliary Verb ·      Sub ·      Main Verb ·      obj ·      Extra words+?	·   What/why/how/where/when/which + noun ·   auxiliary verb ·   obj [active] ·   p.p form of verb ·   extra words. ·   By ·   Sub [active] + ?	·   Which actor did the police arrest in the murder case? ·         What will satisfy you?	·         Which actor was arrested in the murder case by the police? ·         What will you be satisfied with/

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

RULES		EXAMPLE
ACTIVE	PASSIVE	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
·         Base form of verb ·         Obj ·         Extra words.	·         Let ·         Obj [ active] ·         Be ·         P.p form of verb ·         Extra words.	·         Tell her to wait here.	·   Let her be told to wait here.
·         Do + not /never ·         Base form of verb ·         Obj ·         Extra words./ever	·         Let ·         not ·         Obj [ active] ·         Be ·         P.p form of verb ·         Extra words.	·      Don’t open the door. ·     Never tell a lie.	·   Let not the door be opened. ·   Let not a lie be told ever.
·         Let ·         Objective form of subject ·         Verb ·         Obj ·         Extra words	·         Let ·         Obj [ active] ·         Be ·         P.p form of verb ·         Extra words. ·         By ·         Sub [active]	·         Let him buy a car.	·   Let a car be bought by him.
·         Please/ kindly, ·         sentence	·         you are requested to ·         sentence	·         Please give me some more time.	·   You are requested to give me some more time.

QUASI PASSIVE VOICE

RULES		EXAMPLE
ACTIVE	PASSIVE	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
·         sub ·         verb ·         Extra words.	·         Sub [active] ·         Auxiliary verb ·         P.p form of verb ·         Extra words.	·         Honey tastes sweet.	·   Honey is tasted sweet. Or, ·   Hone is sweet when it is tasted.

PRACTICE:

1.       One finds horses everywhere.

2.       Watt invented the steam engine.

3.       They grow wheat once a year.

4.       He gave us a cheque.

5.       He bought me a ring.

6.       They left us some food.

7.       They kept me waiting.

8.       They made me laugh.

9.       He saw a mango fall.

10.   We saw the camel cross the road.

11.   We let him go.

12.   The teacher is teaching the students.

13.   I saw him opening the door.

14.   A soft wind blew the ship gently back to harbor.

15.   He ran a race.

16.   He dreamt a dream.

17.   The patient slept a sound sleep.

18.   I have fought a good fight.

19.   Mr. Alim teaches us English.

20.   Anupoma gave me a book

21.   My friend sent me a gift.

22.   They handed him a gun.

23.   Rakesh offered me a seat.

24.   We should not laugh at a disabled man.

25.   We must listen to our parents.

26.   We talked of them.

27.   There are lots of things to do.

28.   There is no time to lose.

29.   I have lost my book.

30.   Honey tastes sweet.

31.   The rose smells sweet.

32.   The stone feels rough.

33.   One should keep one’s promise.

34.   Someone has stolen my purse.

35.   Circumstances obliged me to do.

36.   People consider me honest.

37.   I know the fact.

38.   His behavior shocked me.

39.   Light lifted the room.

40.   Her manners pleased us very much.

41.   The novels of Tolstoy interest me.

42.   He killed himself.

43.She hurt herself.

44.   Tell her to wait here.

45.   Give the order to open fire.

46.   Close all the gates at once.

47.   Help the poor.

48.   Never tell a lie.

49.   Pluck me a flower.

50.   Buy me a Panjabi.

51.   Let him buy a car.

52.   Let us forget the past.

53.   Kindly grant me a week’s leave.

54.   Please give me some more time.

55.   Did they solve the problem?

56.   Have they done the work?

57.   Who wrote this poem?

58.   Who gave you the shirt?

59.   Whom did you call?

60.   Which actor did the police arrest in the murder case?

61.   Which book do you want?

62.   What will satisfy you?

63.   What do you want?

64.   Where did they find the purse?

65.   When will they finish the work?

66.   Why do people speak English everywhere?

67.   Why did the teacher punish you?

68.   How did you do it?

69.   They considered that he is honest.

70.   They know that extremists blew up the bridge.

PASSIVE/ACTIVE:

1.       This admixture may corrupt the nature of the original commodity.

2.       The value or the effectiveness of the finished product is destroyed by adulteration.

3.       Almost everyone enjoys the day in his own way.

4.       Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore.

5.       It stores honey in the hive.

6.       People all over the world enjoy this game very much.

7.       The farmers use water in time of cultivation largely.

8.       Once a cook roasted a duck for his master.

9.       It is called pleasure seeker’s paradise.

10.   They help us in many ways.

11.   Nowadays jut gunny bags are not used widely.

12.   Many believe that English helps people to get good jobs and better salaries.

13.   English is spoken all over the world.

14.   Dowry hampers the harmony of the society.

15.   This barbarous tradition of the society should be stopped anyhow.

16.   It is considered as a symbol of love.