Education Worldz: Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech Video

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NOUN : 
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PRONOUN  : 
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                                                                                                 To be Continue....</div>
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Parts of Speech Parts of Speech Video

NOUN : PRONOUN : Adjectives : Verb : Adverb : Adverbs of Frequency : ...

Parts of Speech

ifti rahaman 3

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<a href="http://ebgrammar.blogspot.com/2014/05/parts-of-speech_1480.html">Parts of
Speech</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Parts of speech বুঝতে পারার অর্থ word – এর Nature বা প্রকৃতি সমন্ধে সম্যক জ্ঞান। Parts of speech-এরগুরুত্ব Grammar-এ অপরিসীম। Parts of speech বুঝলেই ইংরেজি Grammar- এর ৫০% বোঝা সম্পন্ন
বলেGramatist গন মনে
করেন।  <o:p></o:p></div>
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Part of speech  অর্থ বাক্যের অংশ । কাজেই, শুধু ‘water’ কোন part of speech নয়। একটি বিচ্ছিন্ন wordমাএ । কারন
ইহা কোন বাক্যের অংশ নয় ।কিন্তু  <span lang="BN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Vrinda","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘I water the Plant’ বাক্যটিতে
‘Water’ শব্দটি part of speech এবং verb । কাজেই sentence –এ ব্যবহৃত শব্দ মাত্রই part of speech ।  <o:p></o:p></div>
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সকল parts of  speech –ই words, কিন্তু সকল Words, Parts of Speech নয় ।<o:p></o:p></div>
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Word যতক্ষন বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত না হয় অর্থাৎ sentence-এর অংশ না হয়, ততক্ষন কোন Word-কে part of speech  বলা যায় না ।<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sentence –এ ব্যবহৃত Word –এর ভূমিকা বা  functioning  অনুযায়ী সমস্ত Words কে  ৮ শ্রেনীতে ভাগ করা যায়। অর্থাৎ words সমূহ বাক্যে ৮ রকমের ভূমিকা পালন করতে
পারে। সুতরাং Parts of Speech  ৮ প্রকার
:<o:p></o:p></div>
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1.  Noun<o:p></o:p></div>
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2.  pronoun<o:p></o:p></div>
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3.  Adjective               ( সব্যয়)<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.  Verb<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.  Adverb<o:p></o:p></div>
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6.  preposition<o:p></o:p></div>
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7.  conjunction           (অব্যয়)<o:p></o:p></div>
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8.  Interjection<o:p></o:p></div>
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1.     Noun (বিশেষ্য): বাক্যে
যে word কোন
কিছুর নাম Indicate করে
তাকে Noun বলে। Walking is good for health. বাক্যে
walking শব্দটি
একটি কাজের নাম বুঝিয়েছে। তাই ইহা Noun. বাক্যে Verb –এর subject এবং Object রূপে ব্যবহৃত শব্দগুলো অবশ্যই Noun অথবা Equivalent to Noun (noun –এর সমতুল্য) হতে হবে। Preposition –এর Object রূপে ব্যবহৃত Word গুলোও অবশ্যই noun বা Equivalent to Noun হবে। বাক্যে
ব্যবহৃত শব্দসমূহের মধ্যে Noun –ই
সর্বাধিক. একটি
বাক্যে বহুসংখ্যক Noun ব্যবহৃত
হতে পারে।
কিন্তু
Subject এবং
Object ব্যতিত
অন্য কোন Noun বাক্যে
ব্যবহৃত হলে উহার পূর্বে অবশ্যই preposition বসবে,  অন্যথায় উক্ত noun বাক্য থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন থাকবে- বাক্যের অংশ হিসাবে
গন্য হবে না।
এদিক থেকে
Preposition – কে Noun এর Connector বলা যায়।<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "open sans"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "open sans";"><o:p></o:p></div>
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  Rahim    knows  Karim.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Subject  verb   object<o:p></o:p></div>
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Rahim   saw   Karim    
   in         the bus.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Subject  verb   Object  Preposition      noun<o:p></o:p></div>
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I go school. এ বাক্যে School (N) শব্দটি Subject ও নয় object ও নয় বিচ্ছিন্ন শব্দ। সুতরাং
Preposition চাই। I go to school (school শব্দটি
Preposition ‘to’ দ্বারা
connected) <o:p></o:p></div>
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2.     Pronoun (সবর্নাম): যে সকল
‘words’ Noun- এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয়
অর্থাৎ noun – এর
substitute রূপে
ব্যবহৃত হয় তাদেরকে pronoun বলে। বাক্যে
noun যে
ভূমিকা পালন করে, Pronoun –ও
Noun এর
পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে ঠিক সে ভূমিকাই পালনকরে। অর্থাৎ
Pronoun – ও
কোন verb –এর
subject এবং
object হতে
পারে।
subject বা
object না
হলে তারপূর্বে অবশ্যই preposition বসাতে
হবে।
অন্যথায়
ইহা বিচ্ছিন্ন word বলে গন্য হবে। সুতরাং
noun ও
pronoun ভিন্ন
শ্রেনীর হলেও ভূমিকা পালনের প্রেক্ষিতে ইহারা একই- group- এর বলে বিবেচিত। noun ও pronoun একে অন্যের equivalent. বাংলায় দুটোকে একত্রে   <span lang="BN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Vrinda","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘নামপদ’ বলে অভিহিত করা হয়।<o:p></o:p></div>
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3.     Adjective (নাম বিশেষন): যে
word শুধুমাত্র
noun বা
pronoun- কে
qualify করে
অর্থৎ শুধুমাত্রনামপদের বিশেষত্ব বা বৈশিষ্ট্য প্রকাশ করে, তাকে adjective বলে। যেমন:<o:p></o:p></div>
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 Give  me   a   red   pen<o:p></o:p></div>
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             adj    N<o:p></o:p></div>
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কেমন pen? – red pen.<o:p></o:p></div>
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অর্থাৎ pen (N)-এর বিশেষত্ব বা বৈশিষ্ট্য হচ্ছে red বা লাল। সুতরাং red শব্দটি   adjective.  কিন্তু ‘Red is my favourite colour’ –এ বাক্যটিতে red শব্দটি noun. কারন এখনে  উহা একটি রং এর নাম রূপে ব্যবহৃত এবং ‘is’ verb এর subject. এছাড়া my শব্দটিও
এখানে pronoun  নয়। কার favourite colour ? –আমার (my) । ‘colour’ (N) কে qualify করেছে বলে my শব্দটি এখানে Adjective, ‘Favourite’ শব্দটিও Adjective.<o:p></o:p></div>
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I walk in the morning.
- বাক্যে
‘walk’   verb.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Walking is good for health. - বাক্যে   <span lang="BN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Vrinda","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘Walking’ noun.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The   old   man   is   walking   with   a   walking        stick.<o:p></o:p></div>
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                                     V                           adj                N<o:p></o:p></div>
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এ
বাক্যে প্রথম ‘Walking’  verb কিন্তু দ্বিতীয় ‘Walking’
Adjective . কারন উহা stick  (N) কে qualifyকরেছে।                                                                                          কেমন stick?- ‘Walking’ stick.<o:p></o:p></div>
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কাজেই
কোন Word-এর বাহ্যিক চেহারা দেখে
ইহাকে কোন  নির্দিষ্ট  Part of speech রূপে অভিহিত করলেভুল হবে এবং অবিচার করা
হবে । ঐ   Word টি আসলে কি ভূমিকা পালন করছে তার উপরই নির্ভরকরবে word টি কোন part of Speech.    <o:p></o:p></div>
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4.    
Verb  (ক্রিয়া):  যে Word দ্বারা কোন কাজ করা বা সম্পন্ন হওয়া
বুঝায় তাকে Verb বলে। কাজ করা নাবুঝালে ইহা Verb নয়। <o:p></o:p></div>
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যেমন-  I  walk in the
morning.  -কাজ করা অর্থাৎ হাটা বুঝিয়েছে। <o:p></o:p></div>
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                Verb <o:p></o:p></div>
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Walking is good for health. -কাজ করা বুঝায় নি। কাজের
নাম বুঝিয়েছে।<o:p></o:p></div>
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 Noun<o:p></o:p></div>
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The  old  man  is  walking   with  a  walking  stick.<o:p></o:p></div>
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                              Verb                        adj<o:p></o:p></div>
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Verb এর অবশ্যই একটি subject থাকবে।  কারন কাজ করা বোঝাতে কেউকে কাজটি করতে হবে। সুতরাং subject   চাই। subject বিহীন verb প্রকৃত verb নয়।  বিপরীতক্রমে, verb ছাড়া  subject- এর ও অস্তিত্ব নেই।কারন কোন কাজ না করে
কর্তা বা subject হওয়া যায় না।<o:p></o:p></div>
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কাজেই,  subject ও verb অঙ্গাঅঙ্গিভাবে জড়িত। একটি
অপরটি ছাড়া অচল বা অকল্পনীয়।    <o:p></o:p></div>
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Read the book. - বাক্যটিতে  <span lang="BN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Vrinda","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘read’ finite verb বা সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া নয়। সুতরাং ইহার কোন subject নেই।‘read’ দ্বারা এখানে
পড়া কাজটি সম্পন্ন হওয়া বুঝায় না।  <o:p></o:p></div>
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5. Adverb (ক্রিয়া বিশেষণ / বিশেষনীয় বিশেষন ): যে word; verb; adjective বা অন্য adverb কে modifyকরে তাকে Adverb বলে। যেমনঃ  <o:p></o:p></div>
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Karim   is   a    very     good     boy.<o:p></o:p></div>
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                         Adv.      Adj.     N<o:p></o:p></div>
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Boy (N) কে  qualify করেছে good. কেমন boy ?- good boy । সুতরাং good adjective.। আবার কেমন  good ? - very good. very শব্দটি good (adj) কে modify করেছে। সুতরাং
‘very’   adverb.<o:p></o:p></div>
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আবার He walks very slowly. এ বাক্যে Walk (v) কে  modify  করেছে ‘slowly’ সুতরাং ‘slowly’ adverb.আবার slowly (adv) কে modify করেছে very । কেমন ধীরে?- খুব ধীরে অর্থৎ
‘very slowly’  সুতরাং
‘very’শব্দটিও   adverb.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Adjective কেবলমাত্র Noun বা Pronoun কে Modify করে। পক্ষান্তরে, Adverb modify করে Verb, Adjective ও অন্য Adverb কে।<o:p></o:p></div>
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6. Preposition (পদান্বয়ী  অব্যয় ):  যে Word, Noun বা pronoun এর পূর্বে বসে বাক্যের
অণ্য অংশের সাথে ঐ Noun বা<o:p></o:p></div>
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  Pronoun কে সম্পকিত  বা অন্বিত
করে, তাকে Preposition বলে।<o:p></o:p></div>
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Put the book the table. - বাক্যে the table noun -টি বাক্য থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন। ইহার
পূর্বে  <span lang="BN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Vrinda","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘on’ বসলে উহা বাক্যেরঅংশ হয়
বা বাক্যের সাথে সম্পর্কিত  হয়।<o:p></o:p></div>
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যেমন, put the book on the
table. সুতরাং এ বাক্যে <span lang="BN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Vrinda","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘on’ একটি preposition  । Preposition বাক্যে ব্যবহৃতnoun বা pronoun- এর পূর্বে বসে’ ঐ noun বা pronoun কে বাক্যের সাথে
সম্পর্কিত করে।<o:p></o:p></div>
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Verb এর subject এবং object ছাড়া বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত অন্য যে কোন noun বা pronoun এর পূর্বে অবশ্যইpreposition বসাতে হবে। মূলতঃ  preposition বাক্যে Noun বা Pronoun এর Connector রূপে কাজ করে।Noun বা Pronoun ছাড়া অন্য কোন Part  of speech এর পূর্বে   কখনো কোন preposition বসে না।<o:p></o:p></div>
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বিপরীতক্রমে, preposition এর পরে অবশ্যই Noun বা pronoun বা noun-এর সমতূল্য কোন শব্দ বা শব্দসমষ্টি
অবশ্যই থাকতে হবে। noun বা pronoun না থাকলে preposition নিষ্প্রয়োজন।<o:p></o:p></div>
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আমি
স্কুলে যাই। এখানে, স্কুলে= স্কুল+এ। অর্থাৎ স্কুল- এর সাথে
‘এ’ বিভক্তি যোগ হয়ে শব্দটি বাক্যে অন্বিতহয়েছে। বাংলা বাক্যে ঠিক
এই বিভক্তির কাজটিই ইংরেজী বাক্যে করে preposition. <o:p></o:p></div>
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I    go   to         school.<o:p></o:p></div>
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             Prep          N<o:p></o:p></div>
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                            কতিপয় Preposition  ও ব্যবহারঃ<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH_qgOwc3jZQtjji7_TgWzcKkDhl0VBu-Ld52BjTkDWbgVQ1Bb1I7f3lLIxVmm1Z8iyRUo14uUttsc0INC_4AQpsNtgEjiZGkxoij-l1Whn7S3ekpfkvBP2ZYkyZJRovl6OqwABG4dQu8/s1600/Parts+of+Speech.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH_qgOwc3jZQtjji7_TgWzcKkDhl0VBu-Ld52BjTkDWbgVQ1Bb1I7f3lLIxVmm1Z8iyRUo14uUttsc0INC_4AQpsNtgEjiZGkxoij-l1Whn7S3ekpfkvBP2ZYkyZJRovl6OqwABG4dQu8/s1600/Parts+of+Speech.png" /></a></div>
 
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7. Conjunction (সংযোজক অব্যয় ): যে word একাধিক word বা clause কে যুক্ত করে, তাকে conjunctionবলে। যেমন,<o:p></o:p></div>
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Rhim          and         Karim
went there. <o:p></o:p></div>
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                   conj<o:p></o:p></div>
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8. Interjection (আবেগ সূচক অব্যয় ): যে word মনের আবেগ প্রকাশ করে, তাকে interjection বলে।Interjection একটি ভিন্নধর্মী Part of speech। অন্যান্য part of speech -এর মত বাক্যের অন্যান্য  word বাঅংশের সাথে Interjection –এর  প্রত্যক্ষ সম্পৃক্ততা নেই।<o:p></o:p></div>
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Alas!            He
is dead.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Interjection   <o:p></o:p></div>
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আবেগ বা Emotion হচ্ছে sudden change of mind. অর্থাৎ interjection মনের কোন হঠাৎ পরিবর্তিত
অবস্থাকে ব্যক্ত করে।<o:p></o:p></div>
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এ
পরিবতিত অবস্থা আনন্দের বা দুখেঃর, যে কোন
ধরনের হতে পারে।<o:p></o:p></div>
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 Preposition<o:p></o:p></div>
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Conjunction<o:p></o:p></div>
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Interjection <o:p></o:p></div>
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বাংলায় এ তিনটিকে বলে অব্যয়। কারন এগুলোর কোন ব্যয় বা পরিবর্তন নেই।<o:p></o:p></div>
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পক্ষান্তরে, অন্য ৫ টি সব্যয়। কারন তাদের পরিবর্তন আছে।<o:p></o:p></div>
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যেমন,  Man (Noun) -এর Plural  form ‘men`.<o:p></o:p></div>
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I (pronoun) - এর Objective case ‘me`.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Good (Adjective) - এর Comparative degree  ‘better`.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Go (Verb) -এর past form ‘went`.<o:p></o:p></div>
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 Fast (Adverb) -এর Comparative form  ‘faster`.<o:p></o:p></div>
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কিন্তু, To, from, in  (preposition) ইত্যাদির ভিন্ন কোন from নেই। and, but, or (conjunction) ইত্যদির ভিন্নকোন from  নেই।<o:p></o:p></div>
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Alas!,
Hurrah!   (Interjection) ইত্যাদির ভিন্ন কোন from নেই সুতরাং Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb ওAdverb এ ৫টি সব্যয়<o:p></o:p></div>
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এবং Preposition, Conjunction ও Interjection- এ ৩টি অব্যয়।<o:p></o:p></div>
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বিশেষ  লক্ষ্যনীয় <o:p></o:p></div>
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একটি word কোন্ part of  speech হবে তা নির্ভর করে বাক্যে
ঐ word –টি কি
ভূমিকা পালন করে, তারউপর। বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত না হওয়া পযর্ন্ত
ইহা কোন ভূমিকা পালন করে না এবং কোন part of speech –ও হয়না। কেবল মাত্র বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত word –ই part of speech.<o:p></o:p></div>
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‘Water` কোন্ part of speech? – কোন part of speech নয়। একটি word মাত্র।<o:p></o:p></div>
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কিন্তু, I drink water (N) – বাক্যে water একটি part of speech এবং noun.<o:p></o:p></div>
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I  water (V) the
plant.- এখানে water একটি part of speech এবং Verb. এবং<o:p></o:p></div>
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I    need    a   water   pot.
- এখানেও water একটি part of speech, তবে adjective.<o:p></o:p></div>
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              adj<o:p></o:p></div>
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অনুরূপভাবে,<o:p></o:p></div>
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 Man? <o:p></o:p></div>
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He  is  a  good        man.<o:p></o:p></div>
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                                  N<o:p></o:p></div>
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 He   manned   over
the boat.<o:p></o:p></div>
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             V<o:p></o:p></div>
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Book?<o:p></o:p></div>
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I   read   a   book. <o:p></o:p></div>
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                      N<o:p></o:p></div>
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I    booked    two
tickets. <o:p></o:p></div>
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        V<o:p></o:p></div>
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He   is   a   book    worm. <o:p></o:p></div>
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                    adj        N  <o:p></o:p></div>
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কাজেই, বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত না হওয়া একটি Word - এর Part of  peech নির্ণয় করা সম্ভব নয়। এবং বাক্যে
ব্যবহৃত না হওয়া ‌পযর্ন্ত মূলতঃ কোন word কোন part of speech - ও হয় না। আবার একই word একইform - এ বিভিন্ন part of speech<o:p></o:p></div>
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রূপেও ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।<o:p></o:p></div>
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আবার, word ভিন্ন form নিয়েও ভিন্ন part fo speech রূপে
ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।  যেমন, Drive verb, কিন্তুDriver Noun. এরূপ প্রায় সকল verb এর সাথে `er’ suffix যোগ করে ইহাকে Noun এ রূপান্তর
করা যায়।  <o:p></o:p></div>
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Verb     +     er   =   Noun<o:p></o:p></div>
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Teach +   er  =  teacher<o:p></o:p></div>
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Play    +     er  =   player  <o:p></o:p></div>
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Sing    +    er  =   singer <o:p></o:p></div>
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Dance   +  er  =
dancer <o:p></o:p></div>
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Write  +  er     =  writer <o:p></o:p></div>
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Speak  +   er   =  speaker  <o:p></o:p></div>
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অর্থাৎ suffix or  prefix  যুক্ত করে কোন word – এর  <span lang="BN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Vrinda","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘part of speech’ change করা যায় এবং করা হয়।<o:p></o:p></div>
 
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Grammer Parts of Speech Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech Parts of speech বুঝতে পারার অর্থ word – এর Nature বা প্রকৃতি সমন্ধে সম্যক জ্ঞান । Parts of speech...